Xa ubona imoto, imbonakalo yakho yokuqala iya kuba ngumbala womzimba. Namhlanje, ukuba nepeyinti entle emenyezelayo ngomnye wemigangatho esisiseko yokwenziwa kweemoto. Kodwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo, ukupeyinta inqwelo-mafutha kwakungeyondlwan’ iyanetha, yaye yayingentle kangako kunokuba injalo namhlanje. Ipeyinti yemoto iye yavela njani ngendlela enayo namhlanje? USurley uya kukuxelela ngembali yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yepeyinti yepeyinti yemoto.
Imizuzwana elishumi ukuqonda isicatshulwa esipheleleyo:
1,Ilacqueryavela eTshayina, iNtshona ikhokele emva kwenguqu kwezoshishino.
2, Ipeyinti yesiseko yendalo yoma kancinci, ichaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kweemoto, iDuPont yaqulunqa ukomisa ngokukhawuleza.ipeyinti ye-nitro.
3, Sitshiza imipuithatha indawo yeebrashi, inika ifilimu yepeyinti efanayo.
4, Ukusuka kwi-alkyd ukuya kwi-acrylic, ukusukelwa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokwahlukana kuyaqhubeka .
5, Ukusuka "kutshiza" ukuya "kwidiphu yokwaleka"kunye ne-lacquer bath, ukulandelwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho wepeyinti kuza kwi-phosphating kunye ne-electrodeposition ngoku.
6, Ukutshintshwa ngeipeyinti esekelwe emanzinikwiphulo lokukhusela indalo esingqongileyo.
7, Ngoku nakwixesha elizayo, itekhnoloji yokupeyinta iya isiba ngakumbi ngaphaya kokucinga,nangaphandle kwepeyinti.
Indima ephambili yepeyinti ichasene nokuguga
Imbono yabantu abaninzi ngendima yepeyinti kukunika izinto imibala eqaqambileyo, kodwa kwimboniselo yemveliso yemizi-mveliso, umbala uyimfuneko yesibini; umhlwa kunye nokuchasa ukuguga yeyona njongo iphambili. Ukusukela ngeentsuku zokuqala zokudityaniswa komthi wentsimbi ukuya kumzimba omhlophe wentsimbi namhlanje, umzimba wemoto udinga ipeyinti njengomaleko okhuselayo. Imiceli mngeni ekufuneka ujongane nayo umaleko wepeyinti kukuguga nokukrazuka kwendalo okufana nelanga, isanti nemvula, umonakalo ngokwasemzimbeni njengokukhuhla, ukukhuhla kunye nokungqubana, nokhukuliseko olufana netyuwa nenkunkuma yezilwanyana. Kwinguquko yetekhnoloji yokupeyinta, inkqubo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye iqinile kwaye iqinile kwaye izikhumba zintle ukuze umsebenzi womzimba uhlangabezane ngcono nale mingeni.
I-Lacquer evela eTshayina
I-Lacquer inembali ende kakhulu kwaye, ngehlazo, isikhundla esiphambili kwi-lacquer iteknoloji yayiyeyaseChina ngaphambi kwe-Industrial Revolution. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-lacquer kubuyela emva ukuya kwixesha le-Neolithic, kwaye emva kwexesha le-Warring States, iingcibi zasebenzisa ioli ye-tung ekhutshwe kwimbewu yomthi we-tung kwaye yongeza i-lacquer eluhlaza yendalo ukwenza umxube wepeyinti, nangona ngelo xesha i-lacquer yayiyi. into yodidi lwezihandiba. Emva kokusekwa kweMing Dynasty, uZhu Yuanzhang waqalisa ukuseka ishishini lelacquer karhulumente, kwaye iteknoloji yepeyinti yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Umsebenzi wokuqala waseTshayina kwitekhnoloji yepeyinti, "Incwadi yokuPeyinta", yaqulunqwa nguHuang Cheng, umenzi welacquer kwiMing Dynasty. Ngombulelo kuphuhliso lobugcisa kunye norhwebo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle, i-lacquerware yayiphuhlise inkqubo yoshishino lwezandla eqolileyo kwi-Ming Dynasty.
Eyona peyinti iphucukileyo yeoli ye-tung ye-Ming Dynasty yayisisitshixo sokwenziwa kweenqanawa. Umphengululi waseSpain wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu uMendoza ukhankanye "kwiMbali yoBukhosi obuKhulu baseTshayina" ukuba iinqanawa zaseTshayina ezigqunywe ngeoli ye-tung zaziphindwe kabini ubude bobomi beenqanawa zaseYurophu.
Embindini wenkulungwane ye-18, iYurophu yada yaqhekeka yaza yasebenzisa ubugcisa bokupeyinta ioli ye-tung, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ishishini lepeyinti laseYurophu laqalisa ukumila. Ioli ye-tung ekrwada, ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziselwa i-lacquer, yayikwayinto ebalulekileyo ekrwada kwamanye amashishini, asalawulwa yi-China, kwaye yaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo semveliso kwiinguqu ezimbini zemizi-mveliso de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa imithi ye-tung yatshintshwa. kuMntla nakuMzantsi Merika kwavela, nto leyo eyaphula igunya laseTshayina lokusebenzisa izinto ezikrwada.
Ukomisa akusathathi ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-50
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iimoto zazisasenziwa kusetyenziswa iipeyinti ezisisiseko zendalo ezifana ne-linseed oil njengesibophelelo.
Nkqu neFord, eyaba ngoovulindlela kumgca wemveliso wokwakha iimoto, isebenzise ipeyinti emnyama yaseJapan kuphela phantse ukuya kuthi ga ngoku ukuze ilandele isantya sokuvelisa ngenxa yokuba yoma ngokukhawuleza, kodwa emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iseyipeyinti yendalo esisiseko, kwaye umaleko wepeyinti usaqhubeka. idinga ngaphezulu kweveki ukomisa.
Ngeminyaka yee-1920, uDuPont wasebenza kwipeyinti ye-nitrocellulose eyomisa ngokukhawuleza (eyaziwa ngokuba yipeyinti ye-nitrocellulose) eyenza abavelisi beemoto bancume, kungasafuneki basebenze kwiimoto ezinemijikelo yepeyinti emide.
Ngo-1921, i-DuPont yayisele iyinkokeli ekwenzeni iifilimu zemifanekiso eshukumayo ye-nitrate, njengoko yajika kwiimveliso ezingezizo iziqhushumbisi ezisekwe kwi-nitrocellulose ukuze zifunxe izibonelelo ezinkulu ezazakhileyo ngexesha lemfazwe. NgoLwesihlanu oshushu emva kwemini ngoJulayi 1921, umsebenzi kwisityalo sefilimu saseDuPont washiya umphanda we-nitrate fiber kwidokhi ngaphambi kokushiya umsebenzi. Xa wayeyivula kwakhona ngentsasa yangoMvulo, wafumanisa ukuba ibhakethi lijike laba lulwelo olucacileyo nolubonakalayo olwaluza kuthi kamva lube sisiseko sepeyinti ye-nitrocellulose. Ngo-1924, i-DuPont yavelisa ipeyinti ye-nitrocellulose ye-DUCO, isebenzisa i-nitrocellulose njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada kwaye yongeza i-synthetic resins, iiplastiki, izinyibilikisi kunye ne-thinners ukuyidibanisa. Inzuzo enkulu yepeyinti ye-nitrocellulose kukuba iyoma ngokukhawuleza, xa kuthelekiswa nepeyinti yesiseko yendalo ethatha iveki okanye iiveki ukuba yome, ipeyinti ye-nitrocellulose ithatha kuphela iiyure ze-2 ukuze yome, inyusa kakhulu isantya sokupeyinta. ngo 1924, phantse yonke imigca imveliso General Motors wasebenzisa ipeyinti Duco nitrocellulose.
Ngokwemvelo, ipeyinti ye-nitrocellulose inemiqobo yayo. Ukuba ifafazwe kwindawo efumileyo, ifilimu iya kuba mhlophe ngokulula kwaye ilahlekelwe ukuqaqamba kwayo. Umphezulu wepeyinti owenziweyo unokumelana nomhlwa ombi kwizinyibilikisi ezisekwe kwipetroleum, njengepetroli, enokonakalisa umphezulu wepeyinti, kunye nerhasi yeoli evuzayo ngexesha lokufakwa kwepeyinti inokukhawulezisa ukuwohloka komphezulu wepeyinti ojikelezileyo.
Ukutshintshwa kweebrashi ngemipu yokutshiza ukusombulula iileya zepeyinti ezingalinganiyo
Ukongeza kwiimpawu zepeyinti ngokwayo, indlela yokudweba nayo ibaluleke kakhulu kumandla kunye nokuqina kwendawo yepeyinti. Ukusetyenziswa kwemipu yokutshiza kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yobugcisa bokupeyinta. Umpu wokutshiza waziswa ngokupheleleyo kwishishini lokupeyinta ibala ngo-1923 nakwishishini leemoto ngo-1924.
Usapho lwe-DeVilbiss ke ngoko lwaseka i-DeVilbiss, inkampani eyaziwayo kwihlabathi eligxile kwitekhnoloji ye-atomization. Kamva, unyana ka-Alan DeVilbiss, uTom DeVilbiss, wazalwa. Unyana kaGqr. Alan DeVilbiss, uTom DeVilbiss, wathatha into eyenziwe nguyise ngaphaya kwecandelo lezonyango. U-DeVilbiss wathatha izinto ezenziwe nguyise ngaphaya kwecandelo lezonyango kwaye waguqula i-atomizer yokuqala ibe ngumpu wokutshiza wokufaka ipeyinti.
Kwintsimi yokupeyinta kwimizi-mveliso, iibrashi ziphelelwa lixesha ngokukhawuleza ngemipu yokutshiza. U-deVilbiss usebenze kwintsimi ye-atomization iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 kwaye ngoku uyinkokeli kwintsimi ye-industrial spray guns kunye ne-atomizers zonyango.
Ukusuka kwi-alkyd ukuya kwi-acrylic, ehlala ixesha elide kwaye yomelele
Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, ipeyinti ye-alkyd resin enamel, ebizwa ngokuba yi-alkyd enamel paint, yaziswa kwinkqubo yokupeyinta iimoto. Inxalenye yentsimbi yomzimba wemoto yatshizwa ngolu hlobo lwepeyinti emva koko yomiswa kwi-oven ukwenza ifilimu yepeyinti ehlala ixesha elide. Xa kuthelekiswa nepeyinti ye-nitrocellulose, iipeyinti ze-alkyd enamel zikhawuleza ukufaka isicelo, zifuna kuphela amanyathelo ama-2 ukuya kwe-3 xa kuthelekiswa namanyathelo amathathu ukuya kwe-4 kwiipende ze-nitrocellulose. Ipeyinti ye-enamel ayingomi nje ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iyakwazi ukumelana ne-solvents ezifana nepetroli.
Ukungalungi kwee-alkyd enamels, nangona kunjalo, kukuba boyika ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye ekukhanyeni kwelanga ifilimu yepeyinti iya kuxutywa ngesantya esikhawulezayo kwaye umbala uya kuphelelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ube buthuntu, ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo inokuba phakathi kweenyanga nje ezimbalwa. . Naphezu kokungalungi kwabo, ii-alkyd resins azizange zipheliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziseyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeteknoloji yokugqoka yanamhlanje. Ipeyinti ye-Thermoplastic acrylic yavela kwiminyaka yee-1940, iphucula kakhulu ukuhombisa kunye nokuqina kokugqitywa, kwaye ngo-1955, i-General Motors yaqala ukupeyinta iimoto nge-resin entsha ye-acrylic. I-rheology yale peyinti yayiyingqayizivele kwaye ifuna ukutshiza kumxholo oqinileyo ophantsi, ngoko ke ifuna iingubo ezininzi. Le mpawu ibonakala ingenamsebenzi yayiyinzuzo ngelo xesha kuba yayivumela ukufakwa kwee-flakes zetsimbi kwi-coating. I-varnish ye-acrylic yafafazwa nge-viscosity yokuqala ephantsi kakhulu, evumela ukuba i-flakes yensimbi ihlanjululwe phantsi ukuze yenze i-reflection layer, kwaye i-viscosity yanda ngokukhawuleza ukubamba iintsimbi zetsimbi. Ngaloo ndlela, ipeyinti yensimbi yazalwa.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba eli xesha labona ngokukhawuleza kwi-teknoloji yepeyinti ye-acrylic eYurophu. Oku kwavela kwizithintelo ezibekwe kumazwe eAxis yaseYurophu emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, eyayithintele ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile zemichiza kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, efana ne-nitrocellulose, imathiriyeli ekrwada efunekayo kwipeyinti ye-nitrocellulose, enokusetyenziswa ukwenza iziqhushumbisi. Ngalo mqobo, iinkampani kula mazwe zaqala ukugxila kwitekhnoloji yepeyinti ye-enamel, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yepeyinti ye-acrylic urethane. xa iipeyinti zaseYurophu zangena eUnited States ngowe-1980, iinkqubo zokupeyinta iimoto zaseMerika zazikude kwiintshatsheli zaseYurophu.
Inkqubo ezenzekelayo ye-phosphating kunye ne-electrophoresis yokusukela umgangatho wepeyinti ephezulu
Amashumi amabini eminyaka emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yayilixesha lokunyuka komgangatho wokugquma umzimba. Ngeli xesha eUnited States, ukongeza kwezothutho, iimoto nazo zazinophawu lokuphucula umgangatho wentlalo, ngoko ke abanikazi beemoto babefuna ukuba iimoto zabo zibukeke zikumgangatho ophakamileyo, nto leyo eyayifuna ukuba ipeyinti ibengezele ngakumbi kwaye ibe nemibala emihle.
Ukuqala kwi-1947, iinkampani zeemoto zaqala ukwenza i-phosphatize iindawo zetsimbi ngaphambi kokupeyinta, njengendlela yokuphucula ukunamathela kunye nokunganyangeki kwepeyinti. I-primer iphinde yatshintshwa ukusuka kwi-spray ukuya kwi-coating ye-dip, okuthetha ukuba amalungu omzimba afakwe kwi-pool yepeyinti, okwenza kube yinto efanayo kunye nokugquma okubanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo ezifana nemigodi nazo zinokupeyintwa. .
Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iinkampani zeemoto zafumanisa ukuba nangona indlela yokugquma idiphu yayisetyenziswa, inxalenye yepeyinti isaya kuhlanjwa kwinkqubo elandelayo ngezinyibilikisi, inciphisa ukusebenza kothintelo lomhlwa. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, ngo-1957, iFord yadibana nePPG phantsi kobunkokeli bukaGqr George Brewer. Ngaphantsi kobunkokeli bukaGqr George Brewer, i-Ford kunye ne-PPG yavelisa indlela yokugqoka i-electrodeposition esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngoku.
I-Ford ke yaseka ivenkile yokuqala yepeyinti ye-anodic electrophoretic yehlabathi ngo-1961. Itekhnoloji yokuqala yayineziphene, nangona kunjalo, kwaye i-PPG yazisa inkqubo ephezulu ye-cathodic electrophoretic coating kunye neengubo ezihambelanayo kwi-1973.
Ipeyinti ihlale intle ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwepeyinti esekwe emanzini
Phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kwe-70's, ulwazi malunga nokongiwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuziswe yingxaki ye-oyile nako kwaba nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini lepeyinti. Ukuya kuma-80s, amazwe aphumeza imithetho emitsha ye-volatile organic compound (VOC), eyenza iipeyinti ze-acrylic ezinepeyinti enomxholo ophezulu we-VOC kunye nokuqina okubuthathaka okungamkelekanga kwimarike. Ukongeza, abathengi bakwalindele ukuba iziphumo zepeyinti yomzimba zihlale ubuncinci iminyaka emi-5, nto leyo efuna ukulungisa ukuqina kokugqitywa kwepeyinti.
Ngomaleko we-lacquer ocacileyo njengomaleko okhuselayo, ipeyinti yombala wangaphakathi ayifuni ukuba ibe nkulu njengangaphambili, kuphela umaleko omncinci kakhulu ofunekayo kwiinjongo zokuhombisa. I-Absorbers ye-UV nayo yongezwa kwi-lacquer layer ukukhusela ii-pigments kwi-transparent layer kunye ne-primer, ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi be-primer kunye nepeyinti yombala.
Ubuchule bokupeyinta bubiza kakhulu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo busetyenziswa kuphela kwiimodeli eziphezulu. Kwakhona, ukuqina kwedyasi ecacileyo yayingentle, kwaye yayiza kugqabhuka kungekudala kwaye ifune ukupeyintwa kwakhona. Kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo, nangona kunjalo, ishishini leemoto kunye neshishini lepeyinti lasebenza ukuphucula itekhnoloji yokugquma, kungekuphela nje ngokunciphisa iindleko kodwa nangokuphuhlisa unyango olutsha lomphezulu oluphucule ngokumangalisayo ubomi bedyasi ecacileyo.
Iteknoloji yokupeyinta ngokumangalisayo
Ikamva lokwaleka umkhwa wophuhliso lwesiqhelo, abanye abantu kushishino bakholelwa ukuba akukho-peyinti iteknoloji. Ubuchwephesha bungene ngokwenene kubomi bethu, kwaye amaqokobhe emihla ngemihla ukuya kwizixhobo zasekhaya asebenzise itekhnoloji yokungapeyinti. Iigobolondo zongeza umbala ohambelanayo we-nano-level metal powder kwinkqubo yokubumba i-injection, ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza iigobolondo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo kunye ne-metallic texture, engasadingeki ukuba ipeyintwe kuzo zonke, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola okuveliswa ngokupenda. Ngokwendalo, ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto, ezinje nge-trim, igrille, iigobolondo zesibuko esingasemva, njl.
Umgaqo ofanayo usetyenziswa kwicandelo lesinyithi, oku kuthetha ukuba kwixesha elizayo, izinto zetsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokupenda ziya kuba sele zinezikhuselo zokukhusela okanye nokuba nombala wombala kwifektri. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa ngoku kumacandelo e-aerospace kunye nomkhosi, kodwa isekude ukuba ifumaneke ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukunika uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala.
Isishwankathelo: Ukusuka kwiibhrashi ukuya kwimipu ukuya kwiirobhothi, ukusuka kwipeyinti yezityalo zendalo ukuya kwipeyinti yeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukusuka ekusukeleni ukusebenza kakuhle ukuya ekusukeleni umgangatho ukuya kusukelo lwempilo yokusingqongileyo, ukusukelwa kweteknoloji yokupeyinta kwishishini leemoto akuyekanga, kwaye iqondo lobuchwephesha liya linyuka ngokunyuka. Abapeyinti ababefudula bebamba iibhrashi baze basebenze kwimekobume erhabaxa bebengayi kulindela ukuba ipeyinti yeemoto yanamhlanje iphucuke kakhulu yaye isaphuhliswa. Ikamva liya kuba lixesha elinobuhlobo ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo, elikrelekrele nelisebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-20-2022
